How Important Are Ethics and Social Responsibility Free Essays

string(51) and singular attributes of sexual orientation and age. The examination register for this diary is accessible at http://www. mcbup. com/research_registers The flow issue and full content document of this diary is accessible at http://www. We will compose a custom exposition test on How Important Are Ethics and Social Responsibility? or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now emerald-library. com/ft How significant are morals and social obligation? A worldwide investigation of advertising experts Anusorn Singhapakdi and Kiran Karande College of Business and Public Administration, Old Dominion University, Virginia, USA How significant are morals? 133 Gotten September 1998 Revised March 1999 June 1999 September 1999 College of Administrative Sciences, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait, and School of Business Administration, University of Mississippi, USA Keywords International advertising, Ethics, Social duty, National societies, Consumer conduct Abstract States that in the current time of worldwide promoting, as more organizations enter global markets, moral issues are probably going to increment. As organizations and their directors manage their partners in various nations, there is a need to comprehend the latter’s moral dynamic procedures. Dissimilarity in moral conduct and mentalities of advertising experts across societies can be clarified by, among different factors, contrasts in recognitions with respect to the significance of morals and social obligation in accomplishing authoritative viability. This examination researches the variety in those observations among advertising experts from Australia, Malaysia, South Africa, and the USA. The variety is clarified by nation contrasts (social contrasts, contrasts in the monetary condition, and contrasts in legitimate/world of politics), hierarchical moral atmosphere, and chose segment qualities of the advertiser (sex and age). C. P. Rao Scott J. Vitell Introduction The investigation of morals has gotten progressively significant with worldwide business extension, due to an expansion in moral and social duty  ± worries that organizations face in various nation conditions. There exists, in any case, a wide difference in the degree of significance connected to these two issues in various nations (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 1998). Additionally, huge contrasts exist from nation to nation in the financial turn of events, social principles, legitimate/political frameworks, and assumptions about business lead (Wotruba, 1997). Moreover, there is extraordinary uniqueness in the authorization of approaches (Mittelstaedt and Mittelstaedt, 1997). The creators might want to express gratitude toward Mohd. Rashid Ahmed, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Malaysia; Nicola Higgs-Kleyn, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; and Muris Cicic, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia for their help with the information assortment for this examination. The creators might likewise want to express gratitude toward Janet Marta for her remarks on the prior variants of the original copy. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 35 No. 1/2, 2001, pp. 133-152. # MCB University Press, 0309-0566 European Journal of Marketing 35,1/2 134 In the business morals writing, moral varieties among advertisers/supervisors from various countries are recorded in numerous exact examinations on different kinds of moral issues (e. g. Armstrong et al. , 1990; Graham, 1985; Becker and Fritzsche, 1987). Variety in morals across societies was confirm in a cross-national investigation of modern sales reps by Dubinsky et al. (1991) where some huge contrasts in moral observations were found among showcasing chiefs from Japan, Korea, and the USA. An investigation by Singhapakdi et al. 1994) additionally uncovered that American and Thai advertisers contrast on different segments of their moral dynamic procedure. Notwithstanding, universal specialists have not researched contrasts in the degree to which advertisers from various nations accept that morals and social duty are significant for hierarchical adequacy. An individual’s recognition about whether morals and social duty add to authoritative viability is probably going to be a basic precursor of whether he/she even sees a moral issue in a given circumstance (Singhapakdi et al. 1995). This is a down to business see dependent on a contention that directors should initially see morals and social duty to be fundamental to hierarchical viability before their practices will turn out to be increasingly moral and reflect more noteworthy social obligation. This view is reliable with Hunt and Vitell’s (1986) portrayal of moral judgment as including a teleological assessment, when an individual assesses elective activities by gauging the apparent likelihood and allure of results. Basically, a manager’s decision of conduct in a circumstance that has hazardous moral substance will be founded on his/her impression of the probability that the activities will achieve an ideal result. This view is likewise reliable with Jones’ (1991) issue-unforeseen model where it is hypothesized that the â€Å"probability of effect† which is characterized as â€Å"the likelihood that the demonstration being referred to will really occur and the demonstration being referred to will really cause the mischief (benefit)† (Jones, 1991, p. 75) will influence an individual’s moral dynamic. Naturally, morals and social obligation should positively affect the achievement of an association, since buyers make moral decisions that are probably going to impact their buys. As Laczniak and Murphy (1993, p. 5) put it: Consumers after some time will regularly perceive the associations that endeavor to be receptive to different moral and social factors in the com mercial center. As needs be, it is essential for advertisers to join moral and social contemplations in their work. In this manner, the point of this examination is to research whether advertisers from Australia, Malaysia, South Africa, and the USA vary in the degree to which they accept that moral and socially capable practices are significant comparable to different parts of hierarchical adequacy, for example, quality, correspondence, benefits, intensity, endurance, proficiency, and partner fulfillment. In light of past writing that underlines social elements, corporate culture, and individual attributes (e. g. Chase and Vitell, 1986; Ferrell and Gresham, 1985), the multifaceted variety in marketers’ saw significance of morals and social duty in accomplishing authoritative adequacy is clarified by nation contrasts (remembering social contrasts and contrasts for the financial condition), hierarchical moral atmosphere, and chose segment qualities of individual advertisers. The four nations included were made a decision about fitting since they are geologically isolated and display contrasts as far as Hofstede’s (1980) five social measurements and the degree of financial turn of events, which are utilized to help the theory about nation contrasts. Hypothetical establishment and speculations In this segment it is suggested that the varieties in the apparent significance of morals and social obligation as determinants of authoritative viability is clarified by nation contrasts (remembering social contrasts and contrasts for the monetary condition), hierarchical moral atmosphere, and individual attributes of sex and age. You read How Important Are Ethics and Social Responsibility? in classification Papers Figure 1 sums up the proposed system. Nation contrasts Cultural contrasts. Hofstede (1980) and Hofstede and Bond (1988) proposed a typology for grouping societies dependent on five measurements: (1) independence; (2) vulnerability evasion; How significant are morals? 135 Figure 1. Hypothetical structure European Journal of Marketing 35,1/2 136 (3) power separation; (4) manliness; and (5) Confucian dynamism. It is guessed that these social measurements add to contrasts in the apparent significance of morals and social obligation. For instance, advertisers in collectivistic nations, (for example, Malaysia) would be relied upon to be increasingly faithful to their associations due to more prominent reliance (Hofstede, 1983), and in this manner, worried for their organization’s prosperity when settling on choices that improve hierarchical adequacy. Therefore, collectivistic societies would append more significance to accomplishing better authoritative execution than morals and socially duty. Manly social orders urge people to be driven and serious, and to take a stab at material achievement (Hofstede, 1980), which may entice advertisers from nations positioning high on manliness to accomplish more prominent effectiveness, no matter what. Hence, they would connect less significance to morals and social obligation than to productivity, seriousness, and long haul endurance. People from societies with high force separation, (for example, Malaysia) generally acknowledge the imbalance of intensity, see contrasts among bosses and subordinates, are hesitant to differ with bosses and accept that bosses are qualified for benefits (Hofstede, 1983). Subsequently, advertisers from high force separation nations are probably going to see a need to limit conflict with bosses and fulfill bosses through improved execution. As it were, authoritative execution is probably going to be moderately increasingly imperative to them comparative with the degree to which a choice is moral and socially mindful. The hazard taking direction of advertisers from low vulnerability staying away from nations would persuade that it may merit facing the challenge of unscrupulous activities so as to improve proficiency and intensity. Along these lines, advertisers from low vulnerability shirking nations are likely t

Observing a four-month-old baby Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Watching a four-month-old child - Assignment Example At four months, babies can communicate for themselves, making themselves a functioning piece of their social condition. Perception The focal point of the perception was a male child named Sean Darren from Pennsylvania. This child kid is growing quick under the consideration of his mom. He was brought into the world with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase lack (G6PD), in this manner he was prescribed to keep away from specific nourishments like beans and soya. A few medications or drugs may likewise be hurtful for him, in this way he ought not be offered any medication without the doctor’s guidance. At his age, Sean is starting to show clever stunts that make him look lovelier. He can perceive recognizable appearances of individuals around him; consequently he calls the consideration of his mom in the event that he sees her around when he stirs. Also, he wouldn't like to go with outsiders and appears to pick individuals he goes with. He perceives his own platter and shocks when he sees his mom holding it. He additionally takes his milk to his mouth and holds the jug with the help of a pad or cushion. Sean cries when he is eager and wet. He feels awkward to wear wet diapers so his mom makes it a point to change his diapers each 3-4 hours or prior when required. At the hour of the perception, he was playing with his mom who was holding a clatter. Sean concentrates on the little toy, and gets the toy from his mom and drops it on the couch. His grasp at this stage isn't yet solid. He does this more than once, while his mom continues picking the toy and offering it to Sean. Now and again, Sean would hold the toy to his mouth and endeavor to chomp it however neglects to do so in light of the fact that he was unable to put the handle of the toy precisely into his mouth. At the point when he got worn out, he went to his mother’s ring and attempted to take it yet fizzled in light of the fact that the ring is in her mother’s finger. Sooner or later, hi s consideration was directed to his feet, and he held his feet for over three minutes while he chuckled at his mom whom he thought was conversing with him. Sean grins a ton when he is playing with beautiful things. He has some beautiful toys hanging over his bunk. He attempts to get hold of them by lifting his hand while lying on his resting pad. When conveyed by his mom, the young man would get anything, particularly bright things he sees around him. In the event that he is effective in taking what he needs, he would as a rule take it to his mouth and bite. He slobbers while he plays with the item in his mouth. Age Based on his conduct and activities, Sean resembles a four-month old child. Four-month-old infants are ideal to hold since they would already be able to respond to upgrades in their condition. From taking a gander at things and gazing at them, four-year-olds can get them and investigate utilizing their hands and mouth. Much the same as other four-year-old children, Sean would take something and carry it to his mouth. At his age, he can move on his side and rest on his chest and slither at short separations. With help from his mom, Sean can put his weight on his feet yet can't remain all alone or even with help. In addition, four-month-old infants can associate with individuals around them. They grin and snicker at individuals who are grinning at them. As per the Cooperative Extension Website, when tickled, these infants could giggle noisy and prattle. Furthermore, four-month olds incline toward sitting with help than lying on their backs. They can move from side to side, lift their head forward, get things around them, and put things inside

Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) for Panic and Anxiety

Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) for Panic and Anxiety Panic Disorder Treatment Print How the Emotional Freedom Technique Treats Anxiety Alternative Treatment for Panic and Anxiety By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 06, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 01, 2019 Peter Dazeley / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions The Emotional Freedom Technique, or simply EFT, is an experimental method that has grown in popularity. If you have been contemplating the use of EFT for the treatment of panic disorder, it is important to be aware that the effectiveness of this alternative method has not been established and has often been considered pseudoscience by the clinical psychology community. The following describes an overview of EFT and considerations about this alternative method. How It Works The Emotional Freedom Technique, or simply EFT, is a method that was developed by Gary Craig with the desire to help clients let go of negative thoughts, memories, and emotions. This technique involves stimulating specific pressure points on the body while recalling painful memories or upsetting thoughts. Craig derived EFT out of Thought Field Therapy (TFT), a technique created by psychologist Dr. Robert Callahan that incorporated traditional psychotherapy and tapping. When creating EFT, Craig simplified the TFT process so that most people can easily benefit from this method. During the EFT process, a person is either guided by an EFT practitioner or is self-guided to focus on distressing thoughts or emotions while tapping on certain places throughout the body. These specific spots where the person is instructed to tap are considered points of energy, known as meridians, which are similarly stimulated during acupuncture. Instead of using needles as an acupuncturist would, the EFT client is instructed to use ones own on fingers to gently press on these points. By tapping on these areas and bringing one’s awareness to negative emotions, EFT purports that one may be able to let go of some negative emotional energy. Can EFT Help With Panic Disorder? EFT is thought to assist a person in releasing emotions that are holding one back from experiencing more happiness and satisfaction. This technique has grown in popularity as an alternative method to help cope with challenging emotions associated with various mental health disorders, including mood and anxiety disorders. Initial research on EFT has shown that this method can potentially help reduce the feelings of stress and anxiety associated with numerous mental health conditions,  including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), specific phobias, and panic disorder. It should be noted that these initial research studies have been thought to have some significant methodological flaws making their interpretation problematic. Additional studies are needed to determine if EFT can be useful to treat panic and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, this method is not endorsed or approved for training by major professional associations of mental health practitioners, including the American Psychological Association (APA) and the American Counseling Association (ACA). Finding Help for Panic Disorder People diagnosed with panic disorder often struggle with intense feelings of fear, stress, and anxiety. These difficult emotions and other symptoms can negatively impact the panic sufferers quality of life. As a person’s life is interrupted by panic and anxiety, relationships may suffer, a career can be affected, and goals and responsibilities may be put off. If you believe that you are struggling with anxiety or other symptoms of panic disorder, it is important that you seek help from your doctor or qualified mental health specialist. Only your doctor or licensed practitioner can provide you with an accurate diagnosis. She can also assist you in developing a treatment plan that is appropriate for your needs. There are several main treatment options available that can assist panic sufferers in managing symptoms and getting back on track. Some of the most common treatment methods include attending therapy, taking prescribed medication, and practicing self-help techniques. Most panic sufferers will choose a combination of these options as a safe and effective way to cope with panic attacks and other symptoms. Psychotherapy and medications for panic disorder have been scientifically evaluated and proven for safety and effectiveness. Alternative treatment methods, including EFT, should only be used as a complement to these treatment options. If you are considering EFT, be certain to discuss this option with your doctor. He will be able to help you determine if this alternative method would be an appropriate addition to your treatment plan. Find Relief With the 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

The Emancipation Proclamation The End Of Slavery

On January 1, 1863, sitting President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, a document decreeing the end of slavery throughout the United States of America. While symbolic at the time (the self-proclaimed and effectively sovereign Confederate States of America had no intention of recognizing a law issued by a political body with which it was currently at war, and whose authority it did not recognize) it was undebatably a momentous and powerful decision that would forever change the fabric of the American social and political paradigm. Insofar as it symbolically freed the African-American population from slavery, the document did little to improve the plight of the more than four million members of said population formerly held in bondage in the Southern United States in the times following the war. In fact, the end of legal slavery in these areas only led to continued and unofficial de facto bondage, sanctioned and enforced by local governments. In this way, it can be inferred that the plight of the African Americans in the South continued to in one form or another be more or less the same in the half-century following emancipation. The distinction between †freedom† and â€Å"slavery†, while seeming to be stark, is only in fact academic. Many conditions endured by those who, in history, have been considered â€Å"free† are arguably similar to those suffered by their enslaved counterparts. For example, who is to say that the plight of a Pakistani immigrant worker inShow MoreRelatedLincoln s Emancipation Proclamation : The End Of Slavery935 Words   |  4 PagesFrom Guezlo’s introduction of â€Å"Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation: The end of Slavery in America†, he acknowledged that this is one of the representative of President Lincoln’s writings in the history demonstrating his dedication to free â€Å"four million black slaves†. At the end of Guezlo’s introduction, he proposed the idea of how Lincoln would be a white friend to African American due to the power, the position he had that can help him to start deliverance. The author stated, â€Å"It would be specialRead MoreLincoln s Emancipation Proclamation : The End Of Slavery1301 Words   |  6 PagesLincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America, a Lincoln Prize winner, was written by Allen C. Guelzo and published in 2004. In the book, he makes a case that President Abraham Lincoln, through the utilization of the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863, was efficacious in liberating the slaves. His argument varies from others that have visually examined the argument pertaining to the Emancipation Proclamation and whether it did, or did not, efficaciously emancipate slaves duringRead MoreEmancipation Proclamation : The Failures And Successes1492 Words   |  6 PagesEmancipation Proclamation: the failures and successes â€Å"The beginning of the Civil War marked the beginning of the end of slavery in the American South† (Berlin, 3). The Civil War started from opposing states’ opinions; the South thrived on slavery’s economic impact while the North opposed the institution. The issue of slavery divided the nation, and the contrasting views of the anti-abolitionists and abolitionists caused the war to occur. Slavery’s impact in the United States started in the 1600’sRead MoreLincolns Emancipation of the Slaves Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pages The Emancipation Proclamation speech was actually intended for most of the people that would free the slaves, not to the slaves. According to Carl Rollyson the Proclamation was not intended for the slave, blacks, or former slaves. The â€Å"Emancipation Proclamation† speech was during the Antislavery Movement or what some people call the Abolitionist Movement, during the 1860s. The main leaders of the abolitionist moveme nt were Abraham Lincoln and Fredrick Douglas. The point of Lincoln writing theRead MoreAnalysis of the Emancipation Proclamation Speech1339 Words   |  6 Pages The Emancipation Proclamation speech was actually intended for most of the people that would free the slaves, not to the slaves. According to Rollyson the proclamation was not intended for the slave, blacks, or former slaves. The â€Å"Emancipation Proclamation† speech was during the Antislavery Movement or what some people call it the Abolitionist Movement, during the 1960s. The main leaders of the abolitionist movement were Abraham Lincoln and Fredrick Douglas. The point of Lincoln writing the speechRead MoreLincoln And The Emancipation Slavery990 Words   |  4 Pages Lincoln and the Emancipation Slavery caused many violent events in the 17 and 1800’s. The South and the North could not agree with slavery; the North was anti-slavery and the South were pro-slavery. The south considered slaves to be their own personal property and the slaves were not allowed to be counted as a citizen of the United States; they were only considered to be counted as 3/5 of a person. Because slave owners were so harsh to their slaves, the slaves generated many slave rebellionsRead MoreThe Emancipation Proclamation By Mr. Harding1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe Emancipation Proclamation has two points of views from highly qualified professors if the Emancipation was to free the slaves or not. The first Professor is Mr. Allen C. Guelzo and the other professor is Vincent Harding. Mr. Allen proposed that Abraham used the Emancipation Proclamation to free the slaves. However, Mr. Harding used his research and insisted that no the Emancipation Proclamation was not to free the slaves. On the other hand, Mr. Allen makes some well-revised statements, but MrRead MoreSignificance And Impact Of The Emancipation Proclamation1658 Words   |  7 PagesSignificance and Impact of the Emancipation Proclamation Abraham Lincoln once said, A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half-free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved - I do not expect the house to fall - but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other. (Lincoln s House-Divided Speech in Springfield, Illinois, June 16, 1858). The critical issue of slavery throughout the 19th centuryRead MoreTaking a Look at The Emancipation Proclamation858 Words   |  3 PagesThe Emancipation Proclamation The abolishment of slavery is one that Abraham Lincoln is all to familiar with. From the time the man first walked into office he was hounded by people wanting to end the ‘people of service and labor.’ That description is one Lincoln wrote about in his Emancipation Proclamation, instead of saying, ‘blacks’ or ‘slaves’. When Lincoln took office, his main goal was to reunite the Union. He wanted to make sure that no matter what he did, that no part would secede fromRead MoreThe Legacy Of The American Civil War1030 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Union rather than the abolition of slavery. As an individual, Lincoln hated slavery, he knew that neither Northerners nor the residents of the border slave states would support abolition as a war aim. As a Republican, he wished to eliminate it from the territories as the first step to putting the institution â€Å"in the course of ultimate extinction.† But as president of the United States, Lincoln wa s destined by the Constitution that protected slavery in any state where citizens wanted it. In

A Study on Operant and Classical Conditioning - 1477 Words

Operant and Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning best explains reflective responding that is largely controlled by stimuli preceding the response, while operant conditioning is the kind of learning influenced by stimulus events that follow the responses. (Weiten). In operant conditioning, reinforcement is defined as after the fact. Reinforcement follows a response and increases tendency to make the response. In classical conditioning, the reinforcement comes before the response is made and increases tendency to make the response. A middle school teacher intercepted a note that contained personal information, read it out loud, and the student the note was intended for leaves the class and school, feels sick at going to school the next day, and becomes ill at the thought of the teacher. This is a classical conditioning case. (Daniels, 2009). If the students behavior had happened before the teacher intercepted the note and read it out loud, it would have been a case of operant conditioning. In classical conditioning, the students reaction to the teacher, classroom, and the school is a conditioned response and creates a physiological reaction. In operant conditioning, the teachers reaction to the students behavior, if reversed, would have been conditioned and creates a physiological reaction. Operant responding is controlled by consequences as response-outcomes (R-O) are learned. In operant conditioning the students response can be considered a consequenceShow MoreRelatedClassical Operant Conditioning Case Study1686 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationships, cultural influences and biological factors (Rohsenow, 2016). Each of the case studies that are talked about the CBT approach and how it applies to a substance related disorder. This paper talks about classical, operant conditioning, social learning as it applies to a substance disorder. As well as the CBT approach and how it applies to someone who has a substance disorder. Classical conditioning- is a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; Pavlov determinedRead MoreClassical and Operant Conditioning Case Study1357 Words   |  6 Pagesthat occur close in time. When an organism learns to make associations, it is being conditioned. There are two types of conditioning. Operant conditioning is when an organism associates an action and the consequence of that action. It results in the organism adapting its behavior to maximize rewards and minimize punishment (Skinner). On the other hand, classical conditioning is a type of learning where an organism associates a certain stimulus and the response to it with a different stimulus.Read MorePhobias1174 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped through operant conditioning and how addictions can be developed through operant conditioning. This essay also examines the distinctions between classical and operant condition and examines â€Å"extinction† as it relates to psychological theory and how extinction is achieved in classical and operant conditioning. Phobias and Addictions Numerous psychologists believe that behaviors are learned through conditioning. These conditionings are known as operant, which is based onRead MorePavlov s Classical Conditioning Vs. Operant Conditioning1172 Words   |  5 PagesPavlov’s Classical Conditioning vs. B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Bhavika D. Patel Atlantic Community College Abstract Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner both studied learning, in which they both did different experiments on different animals and with different conditioning. Classical conditioning is the process in which two stimuli become linked; once this association has been recognized, an originally neutral stimulus is conditioned to provoke an involuntary response. The dogs in Pavlov’s studiesRead MoreWatsons Classical Conditioning Research Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Watson’s Classical Conditioning? Classical Conditioning was found by Dr. Ivan Pavlov. Watson’s research was influenced by Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Theory. Watson made a research on children’s emotions using the Classical Conditioning model. According to Watson, love, fear, and anger are the three kinds of emotions inherited by humans (Hall 1988). He believed these emotions could be learned through conditioning. He formed his hypothesis and carried out an experiment. John BRead MoreThe Process of Conditioning963 Words   |  4 PagesFlorida Sahay Professor Griffin Psychology 1101 Fall 2009 The Conditioning Process It was raining when Sarah was driving home from work. Both she and the driver of the car in front of her were speeding. The car in front of her had immediately braked. There was not enough distance between that car and her own car to safely slow to a stop, so she had quickly switched lanes to avoid a car accident. Instead, the slick pavement caused her car to swerve out of control. When her car finallyRead MorePavlov s Classical Conditioning And Skinner s Operant Conditioning1243 Words   |  5 PagesTaSheena Moore 2/4/2016 PSY 110 Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning and Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. There are two types of learning, associative learning and cognitive learning. Associative learning occurs when a person or an animal forms a simple association among various stimuli, behaviors, or both. It requires little to no awareness or thought. Cognitive learning refers to understanding, knowing, and anticipating. Our subjectRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1492 Words   |  6 Pages To expand upon the concepts of the two forms of conditioning listed above, three additional principals not previously listed for the sake of convenience are present in both forms of conditioning; these three principals-extinction, spontaneous recovery, and stimulus discrimination-are among the number of basic principals of conditioning that are found in most forms of conditioning. To explain, Extinction refers to the process by which the steady weakening or diminishment of a conditioned responseRead MoreEssay Operant Conditioning1743 Words   |  7 PagesPavlov Classical conditioning is a method used in behavioral studies. It is known as classical because it is the first study of laws of learning/conditioning, It is a learned reaction that you do when evoked by a stimulus. Ivan Pavlov was the scientist who discovered classical conditioning. Ivan Pavlov was born in Russia. He lived from 1849 - 1936 . Pavlov’s field of study was physiology and natural science. One of Pavlov’s discoveries was the conditioning of dogs. While workingRead MoreClassical And Operant Conditioning And The Field Of Psychology997 Words   |  4 PagesHow have studies of classical and operant conditioning contributed to the field of psychology? In this essay I will outline the main principles of both operant and classical conditioning methods and discuss what both theories have contributed to the field of psychology and what they have taught us about the way in which some human behaviour occurs. Classical conditioning, also known as Pavlovian conditioning (Davis, S. F., Buskist, W. (2008). 21st century psychology: a reference handbook Page

Two Professional Athletes of Nfl Football Free Essays

Two Professional Athletes Emmitt Smith and Jerry Rice both played College and NFL football, but for different Teams and they played different positions. They were the greatest football players in there Time when they were playing. Emmitt Smith also played football in high school and shined on the field there as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Professional Athletes of Nfl Football or any similar topic only for you Order Now He played football for Escambia High School in Pensacola, Florida. Escambia won the state Football championship, and Emmitt rushed for 106 touchdowns and 8,804 yards, which was the Second most yardage in the history of American high school football at the time. Emmitt rushed For over 100 yards in 45 of the 49 games he started for Escambia (including the last 28 in a row) Where he finished with a 7. 8 yards per carry average. Twice, he broke the 2,000 yard rushing mark in a Season. Emmitt was named the USA Today and Parade magazine high school player of the year For 1986. In 2007 twenty years after Emmitt had graduated from high school, the Florida High School Athletic Association named Emmitt to its â€Å"All-Century Team,† recognizing him as one of the 33 greatest Florida high school football players of the last 100 years. As part of its â€Å"100 Years of Florida High School Football† awards ceremony, Florida High School Athletic Association Named Emmitt as its â€Å"Player of the Century. † Emmitt Smith played College football for the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida Where he played for the Florida Gators from 1987 to 1989. He was picked by the Dallas Cowboys In the NFL Draft in 1990 round 1 pick 17. He retired from playing football in 2004. His position on The field when he played was running back. He played with Dallas Cowboys from (1990 to 2002), Then he went to play for the Arizona Cardinals from (2003 to 2004). He played NFL football for Fifteen seasons. Was considered the greatest running back in the NFL. With other team members Led his team to three Super Bowl Championships during the 1990s. While he played college football he shined on the field there as well. In his first full game, Emmitt promptly broke Florida’s 40-year- old all time single game rushing record, carrying 39 times For 224 yards and 2 touchdowns as the Gators upset the Crimson Tide. Emmitt went on to break The 1,000-yard barrier in the seventh game of his freshman season, the fastest any running back had Ever broken the barrier to begin his college career. He finished the 1987 season with 1,341 yards and Was named Southeastern Conference and National Freshman of the Year. He also finished 9th in that Year’s Heisman voting. In 1989 he finished his junior season with Florida records for rushing yards in A season with (1,599), rushing yards in a single game (316 versus New Mexico in 1989) longest rushing Play (96 yards against Mississippi State in 1988), career rushing yards (3,928), and career rushing Touchdowns of (36) among many others. In all Emmitt owned 58 school records at the conclusion of His Florida career. At the conclusion of his junior season in 1989 Emmitt was named a first-team SEC Selection for the third year and SEC Player of the Year, was a unanimous first-team All-American, and Finished seventh in the Heisman Trophy balloting. His senior year Emmitt decided to forego his senior Year at Florida and entered the NFL draft. Emmitt was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a â€Å"Gator Great† in 1999, the Gator Football Ring of Honor in 2006. Was inducted in the Pro-Football Hall of Fame in (2010). He holds many NFL records for rushing. NFL record for career rushing yards (18,355), NFL record for career rushing touchdowns (164), NFL Record for career 100- yard rushing games (78). He attempted (4,409), had receiving yards of (3,224), Touchdown receptions of (11), he had (515) receptions in his career. He played in 8 pro bowls from (1990 to 1999), 6 all pro games (1991 to 1995), 4 times NFL rushing leader (1991 to 1995), 3 time Super Bowl Champion (XXVII, XXVIII, XXX ), NFL 1990s all-decade team, ap NFL MVP (1993), NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year (1990), Super Bowl MVP (XXVIII), NEA NFL MVP (1991, 1992), PFWA NFL MVP (1993), Dallas Cowboys Ring of Honor, Bert Bell Award (1993), Gator Football Ring of Honor University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame, Unanimous first-team All-American (1989). Jerry also played football for the high school football team of Starkville, Mississippi. He Outshined on the high school football field as well. Jerry Rice played college football for Mississippi Valley State University from 1980 to 1984. While on the football field playing college football his statistics from his college years are sparse. The College Football Hall of Fame website claims that Jerry, as a sophomore in 1982, caught (66) Passes for (1,133) yards and (7) touchdowns. That was all achieved in his first season. He also had a Record-setting 1983 campaign including NCAA marks for receptions (102) and receiving yards(1,450) He was named first-team Division I-AA All-America. He also set a single-game NCAA record for Catching 24 passes against Southern University. In 1985 the San Francisco 49er’s drafted Jerry in the 1985 NFL Draft round 1 pick 16. He retired in 2005. His position when he played on the field was wide receiver. He played with the San Francisco 49er’s from (1985 to 2000), he then went and played for the Oakland Raiders from (2001 to 2004), Then he went to play for the Seattle Seahawks for 1 season in (2004), after that season he went To the Denver Broncos and was on the team rooster for the season of (2005). *offseason and he was a practice squad member only. He played NFL football for a career spanning two decades. Was considered the greatest wide Receiver in the NFL. With other team members led his team to 2 super bowls for the San Francisco 49er’s, and then 1 super bowl for the Oakland Raiders. Was inducted in the Pro-Football Hall of Fame in (2010). Received many awards while playing For the NFL. Rated #1 NFL player of all-time by NFL. com, 2 times AP NFL Offensive player of the year (1987, 1993), 3 time NFC Offensive player of the Year (1986, 1987). Played in 13 Pro bowls from (1986 to 2002). 12 times all-pro selection (1986 to 2002), 3 times Super Bowl Champion (XXIII, XXIV, XXIX). Pro Bowl MVP (1996), Super Bowl MVP (XXIII), PFWA MVP (1988), UPI NFC Player of the Year (1988), UPI NFI-NFC Rookie of the Year (1985), Bert Bell Award (1987), NFL 75th Anniversary All-Time Team, NFL 1980s All-Decade Team, NFL 1990s All Decade Team, He also holds many NFL records. He had a total Receptions of (1,549), Receiving yards of (22,895) he has total touchdowns of (208), and has total points Scored of (1,256). As you can see these two football players where the greatest players of all time when they got On the football field to play. They out-shined many other football players on the same team as they Played for. They were exceptional players when they were at there prime. They were both inducted In the Pro-Football Hall of Fame in (2010). They were both inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in (2006). The difference between the two is that one was a running back, and the other was a Wide receiver. How to cite Two Professional Athletes of Nfl Football, Essay examples

Understanding Teen Depression

Introduction A considerable number of teenagers around the globe extensively suffer from depression. Depression can lead to several unpleasant behaviors, especially when left unattended. However, in as much as the teen are extremely vulnerable to depressions, most of them adopt several mechanisms that significantly assist them in containing their situation. Although, the methods employed vary from one individual to another; some may employ constructive measures, while others use unhelpful approaches.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Teen Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Teen depression Understanding teen depression It is noted that teen depression is primarily caused by two common factors i.e. unanswered sorrow and emotional disconnection. Unanswered sorrows are caused by certain life experiences such as the loss of loved ones, desertion, and disturbing events. On the other hand, emotional disconnection is caused by the fear of being unable to correlate with other. Many people misunderstand teen depression, which is due to their several interesting behaviors at this stage. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to understand teenagers, incase one intends to detect and assist the teenagers fight against depressions. Depression is an awful illness to the teens, since it causes extraordinary grief, fury or despair among these youngsters. Furthermore, it is also a lethal disease; many people have perished after suffering severe depression i.e. either by committing suicide or by natural death. Sources indicate that, approximately 20% of the depressed teens never seek help, despite the knowledge that it’s curable (Smith, Barston, 2010). However, it is noted that the majority who seek for treatment, approach persons such as teachers or parents who often assist them get the best treatment. Symptoms of depression on teenagers It is extremely difficult to detect a depres sed teenager. This is because; most depression symptoms are similar to certain normal behaviors of teens. Some of depression symptoms can be summarized as rejection of parents and friends; restlessness; fatigue; lack of concentration and enthusiasms; significant change in sleeping and eating pattern (Smith, Barston, 2010). However, the most regular symptoms considered as follows: extraordinary sensitivity to criticism, rejection of friends and families, fuming moods and unexplained pains. Impacts of depression on teenagers Depression is characterized by several effects; however, most of them impact negatively to the teens. Untreated teens end up: using illegal drugs; having class work problems, eating disorders; portraying immature behaviors and having low self-worth (Gelman, 2000). Furthermore, some of them become violent, practice lots of reckless activities and, in some instances, they even threaten to commit suicide.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How to help depressed teenagers Teenager seek help to persons they trust; therefore, for one to assist them he or she must display certain tolerable and friendly qualities. One needs to be understanding and offer extensive support to the depressed teens. Furthermore, one must listen with kindness, and later emphasize to them, on the importance of seeking treatment. It is also helpful, to notify the teenagers, how they can seek for treatment i.e. by advising them to consult doctors or any other specialist, and maybe explore other treatment options. How teens cope up with depression Teenagers employ different approaches in their attempt to cope up with depression. Some teens employ positive approaches, whereas others use unconstructive measures, which end up messing their promising lives. Constructive approaches significantly assist the teens in learning to manage their depressions; whereas, most unconstructive me asures destroy a teenagers’ lives. Constructive ways used by teens Teens employ several constructive ways of handling depression during their adolescent stage. For instance, a considerable percentage of teens use extra-curriculum activities such as sports and games, to cope with depression. They spend many of their free hours in playing different sports, games and other co-curriculum activities. This extensively assist them cope with depression since most of their free time is spent on sports, instead of idling with a depressed mind. Unconstructive ways used by teens A number of teens employ several unconstructive approaches of coping with depressions during their adolescent stage. For instance, a significant number of teenagers use drugs as a way of escaping their mental problems. They smoke, sniff and drink unhealthy drugs such as marijuana, cocaine and alcohol respectively (Gelman, 2000). Interestingly, most of these teens are often convinced that drug abuse do solve their problems. This is extremely unfortunate to them, since abuse of drugs does not, in any way, solve their problems; instead, it further complicates it, to the extent of being uncontrollable. A considerable number of teenagers engage in reckless behaviors, as a way of expressing their humiliation and depression. They often feel relived after doing or participating in certain irresponsible behaviors such as shop lifting. However, the relief is momentarily thus they keep on repeating the immature behaviors. Some teenagers also keep off their friends and families, when they are depressed (Ayer, 2001). Their primary intension is always not to abandon their friends, but to avoid discussions and conversations that might complicate their situation. However, this is not necessarily a dire approach, since it may work well to some teens.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Teen Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Depression is a common illness among teens, and it is associated with several complications including disagreeable behaviors. It is, therefore, imperative to, unmistakably, understand teenagers, incase one intends to assist them. This is because of the misconceptions surrounding their teenage lives thus one may misinterpret some of them as unusual behaviors. Teens employ several approaches in coping up with depression; some of them being beneficial, while others unconstructive. References Ayer, E. (2001). Everything you need to know about depression. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. Gelman, A. (2000). Coping with depression with other mood disorders. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. Smith, M. Barston, S. (2010). Teen depression. Helpguide. Retrieved from:Â  https://www.helpguide.org/ This essay on Understanding Teen Depression was written and submitted by user TheProfessor to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

MUÃOZ Surname Meaning and Origin

MUÑOZ Surname Meaning and Origin Muà ±oz is a patronymic surname meaning son of Muà ±o a personal name that means hill. It could also be patronymic for son of Nuà ±o, meaning ninth- a name sometimes given to the ninth child. Muà ±oz is the 40th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish Alternate Surname Spellings:  MÚÑOZ, MUNIZ, MUNO, MUNONEZ Famous People with the Surname MUÑOZ Rafael Muà ±oz: Famous Puerto Rican big band director and bass playerRafael Muà ±oz: a Mexican journalist, novelist, and writer of short storiesLuis  Muà ±oz  Marà ­n: First governor of Puerto Rico Where Do People With the MUÑOZ Surname Live? The surname distribution data at  Forebears  ranks Muà ±oz as the 287th most common surname in the world, identifying it as most prevalent in Mexico and with the highest number as a percentage of the population in Chile. Muà ±oz is the 2nd most common name found in Chile, borne by one in every eighty-six residents. It is also fairly common in Spain, where it ranks 17th; Colombia, where it ranks 18th; and Ecuador, where it comes in at 20th.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname MUÑOZ 100 Common Hispanic Surnames and Their MeaningsGarcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 100 common Hispanic last names? How to Research Hispanic HeritageLearn how to get started researching  your Hispanic ancestors, including the basics of family tree research and country-specific organizations, genealogical records, and resources for Spain, Latin America, Mexico, Brazil, the Caribbean and other Spanish speaking countries. Muà ±oz Family Crest: Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Muà ±oz  family crest or coat of arms for the Muà ±oz surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   MUÑOZ Family Genealogy ForumRead this archive of the former popular genealogy forum for the Muà ±oz  surname to find what others who have been researching your ancestors have posted. This forum is no longer active. FamilySearch: MUÑOZ GenealogyAccess over 2.5 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Muà ±oz  surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MUÑOZ Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Muà ±oz  surname and its variations. In addition to joining a list, you can also browse or search the archives to explore over a decade of postings for the Muà ±oz  surname. GeneaNet: Muà ±oz RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Muà ±oz  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France, Spain, and other European countries. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Winter Holiday Activities for Grades 5-12

Winter Holiday Activities for Grades 5-12 How can teachers, especially in public schools, use the December holidays to their advantage? One way is to celebrate customs and holidays from around the world with students using a variety of activities.   Here are some ideas for meaningful and educational activities for students ahead of their winter break, making use of holiday themes celebrated near the end of the year. Christmas According to Christian belief, Jesus was the son of God born to a virgin in a manger. Countries around the world celebrate this holiday in various ways. Each of these customs as described below are ripe for investigation by students. Christmas Around the World Costa Rica: The weather is warm at Christmastime. Trees are popular. Tamales and Empanadas are traditionally eaten.England: Santa Claus is known here by the name Father Christmas. Christmas trees are decorated and stockings are hung. A drink called  Wassail  is served. Boxing Day is celebrated on December 26th which is also the feast day of St. Stephen. On this day, it is traditional to give alms to the poor and less fortunate.France: A popular dessert called the buche de noel or Christmas Log is consumed on Christmas. Often, a feast occurs after Midnight Mass on Christmas eve called the rveillon. Gifts are given by pere noel which means Father Christmas. He travels with a man called Pre Fouettard who tells pere noel how the children behaved during the previous year. In some parts of France, gifts are given on both December 6th (St. Nicholas feast day) and on Christmas. Adults give gifts on New Years.Italy: Christmas is celebrated with a large feast after a 24-hour fast before Ch ristmas. Children usually do not receive their presents until January 6th, the day of the Epiphany. These gifts are brought by Le Befana, a woman who flies around on a broom. Kenya: Lots of food is prepared, especially goat. They serve a flatbread called chapatis. Groups often go singing house to house and receive gifts of some kind from the occupants. On Christmas, these singers give any gifts to their church.United States: Christmas trees, real or artificial, are put up in homes early in December. They are usually decorated with multi-color lights and various ornaments. Stockings are hung, often on the fireplace mantel. On Christmas eve, children set out cookies or other goodies for Santa Claus. On Christmas morning, children rush to the tree to see the gifts there and in their stockings. Ideas for Christmas-Themed Projects Investigate the legend of Santa Claus.Investigate different aspects of the Christmas celebration including the tree, the decorations, the stockings, the carols and more.Perform Christmas songs in either English or other languages.Investigate traditional foods for each culture and create them for the rest of the class to sample.Present skits representing each cultures customs.In many countries, Christmas celebrations are becoming more like those  in America. Debate whether the loss of the countries traditional celebrations is good or bad.Read O.  Henrys The Gift of the Magi and discuss its meaning.Students could write in their journals about numerous topics including:Worst Christmas experienceBest Christmas experienceFamily traditionsWhat Santa Claus means to themIs Christmas too commercial? Winter Solstice The Winter Solstice, the shortest day of the year when the sun is closest to the earth, occurs on the 21st of December. In ancient times, this was celebrated in various ways by Pagan religions. Groups ranging from Germanic tribes to the Roman populace celebrated mid-winter festivals during our month of December. Of course today, three major holidays are celebrated in America during the month of December: Chanukah, Christmas, and Kwanzaa. We can create our own festival allowing us to experience how other cultures celebrate these holidays. Method of Presentation Many methods exist for creating this festival atmosphere. These range from simple classroom stations presented by groups of students about each culture to schoolwide activities that take place in a large auditorium/cafeteria and allow for more than just static presentations. Students can sing, cook, give presentations, perform skits, and more. This is a great opportunity to have students work  cooperatively  in groups to gather information about holidays and customs. Chanukah This holiday, also known as the Festival of Lights, is celebrated over eight days beginning on the 25th day of the Jewish month of Kislev.  In 165 BCE, the Jews led by the Maccabees defeated the Greeks in war. When they arrived to rededicate the Temple in Jerusalem they found only one small flask of oil to light the  Menorah. Miraculously, this oil lasted for eight days. today, Chanukah is traditionally observed in the following ways: Every night for the eight days of the festival of Chanukah, lights are lit on a  Menorah  to commemorate the miracle at the Temple over 2000 years ago.While work is not prohibited, people generally refrain from work while the Chanukah lights are lit.The  dreidel  is used by families to play a game. The history behind this game played during Chanukah is believed to relate back to a ban on work while the Chanukah candles are lit.Those celebrating the holiday eat traditionally  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹oily foods to commemorate the miracle of the oil.Children are given presents and money during the holiday. Many families give out presents each day of the holiday. This relates to rewarding children for Torah study.Many different traditions exist around the world for this celebration. Ideas for Chanukah Presentations In addition to adapting the ideas listed above for Christmas celebrations, here are some ideas for Chanukah-themed projects. Students can: Research the background to ChanukahPlay  dreidel  gamesPerform Chanukah songs Kwanzaa Kwanzaa, meaning the first fruits, was developed in 1966 by Dr. Maulana Karenga. It gives African-Americans a holiday dedicated to preserving, revitalizing, and promoting African-American culture. It focuses on seven principles with emphasis on the unity of the black family: Unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity, and faith. This holiday is celebrated from December 26th through January 1st. On each of the seven days of Kwanzaa, greetings are exchanged in Swahili. The question, Habari gani? is asked and each day the principle for that day is the answer. For example, the first days answer would be Umoja or unity.Gifts are given to children and include a book and a  heritage symbol.  The colors of Kwanzaa are red, black, and green.Seven candles in a Kinara are lit, one for each day of the holiday. One is black and represents the people. This candle is lit first. Three red candles are placed to the left of the black candle representing the struggle for African Americans. Three green candles are placed to the right of the black candle representing the future and hope. These candles are lit from left to right, one for each day. Ideas for Kwanzaa  Presentations Have students discuss each of the seven principles and why they are important.Students can discuss the necessity of holidays in making up group identities.Speakers can come in to discuss Kwanzaa and how it is celebrated.Students can create a  traditional Kwanzaa celebration in the classroom.The Civil Rights movement can be discussed in the context of the Kwanzaa celebration.

Learning difficulties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Learning difficulties - Essay Example It will also discuss government and private citizens’ efforts in supporting individuals with Dyslexia. What is Dyslexia? Dyslexia is a learning disability related to an individual’s difficulty in obtaining skills in reading, writing and spelling (Special Needs Support Pages, 1999). It affects the development of literacy and language related skills (British Dyslexia Association, 2009). It is one disorder that is neurological in origin (International Dyslexia Association: Lyon et al., 2003). It is a permanent condition, however, it can be managed. For example, children with dyslexia have difficulty in spelling words. One way to overcome this is for them to view pictures of words in their minds because this helps them to retain the words and spell them out better (Morton, 2004). Although dyslexic children manifest difficulties in reading and writing words, they are often bright, creative and talented. Some of their strengths may include mechanical aptitude; artistic abilit y; musical gifts; athletic prowess; advanced social skills; and talents in computer/technology, science, and math (Yoshimoto, 2000). Concern for children with disabilities has already spread in the UK from the 1970’s thanks to some advocates such as Mary Warnock who raised the issues on helping children with special education needs (SEN). The Warnock Report in the year 1978 was developed to appraise the provision for children with psychological as well as physical disabilities. The report had sponsored ranges of special needs for children. It paved the way for the â€Å"Education Act† which was imposed in the year 1983. This act presented different methods to the description of children with SEN. It advocated that these children should be able to obtain the educational support from tutors in the classroom such as the provision of extra time and assistance compared to other students (Sturt, 2002). In 1996 the law on SEN stated that: â€Å"A child has special educationa l needs (SEN) if he or she has a learning difficulty which calls for special educational provision to be made for him or her† (Education Act, 1996, Section 312). This act mandates local education authorities (LEA) to offer resources in order to recognise and support specific learning problems in children. LEAs were imposed with additional tasks to make an evaluation of children in their disability area (Pumfrey & Reason, 1991). SEN Code of Practice (2001) is the government guidance on meeting the SEN of children with disabilities. Its principles include that children with special needs should have their needs met and that children will normally have their needs met in a mainstream school. With the Special Education Needs Code of Practice (2001), Dyslexia falls under the Communication and Interaction area of need. This area includes learners with speech and language difficulties, impairments and disorders. Children with SEN should have full access to a broad, balanced and relev ant curriculum, including the National Curriculum or, for younger children, the foundation stage curriculum. The children’s views should be taken into account and their parents should be treated as partners of the school (ACE, 2011). Much of what has been described are components of inclusive education. The Education Act of 2010 focuses on supporting inclusion and incorporation of dyslexic children rather than separation and segregation in the school. Inclusive education has evolved towards the idea that all children despite their

The Influence and Relationship of the Media in Poliyics Research Paper

The Influence and Relationship of the Media in Poliyics - Research Paper Example In this regard, media has various roles to play as far as politics of the day is concerned. First, the media inform the public about campaigns, elections and politics. However, while there is increasing demand for information, there is cynicism in the world against both the media and politicians for spearheading negative coverage of campaigns and media bias. What failed to be addressed are the influence of the government to the media, as well as, the influence media does on the government. The media influence the way of politics through taking part in nomination processes. It turns the nomination process into a horse race. Through this process, some part of the public get influenced by the politician who seems popular and through the media, the candidates get to sale the policies thereby increasing their chances of going through. Secondly, the media influence issues voters care about in elections and criteria the voters use in evaluating candidates. This it does through issue framing . It makes the voter view it the way it does. There exists a cyclical relationship between the public, media, and the government. Media can shape public opinion, as well as, influence voter through communicating. This is through influencing the voters on the issues that are important and those that are less and thus convince them about the issues to think about. The media play an important role in altering the perceptions of the voters, attitude, and behavior. The media in this case reinforces and shapes voters view point. Thirdly, media places a spotlight on issues they know the public might be concerned with. Existing evidence indicate that what seems to appear in print has substantial impacts on how citizens think. For example, where the media cites as important problems to be addressed is taken up by the public to be the gospel truth. However, the government in a way dictates the media's content where the media regularly uses the public officials as sources of news. A biased med ia shapes views of the people at election time and the media dictates what should be viewed by the voters. In this case, media influences the voters’ attitude and is very effective while acting as sport light. Since it is the only way to channel campaign information, media influence issues voters consider when evaluating a political candidate and criteria upon which the voters charge the politicians Fourthly, the media can set the political agenda through focusing on certain issues and influence the issues the government and the public ought to be concerned with. In this regard, it influences they way the public makes the decision about voting. For example, through the regular angering of news collected from various parts of the country, the public and the government get to understand certain things of concern. The media focus on the president when things go wrong such as health care and other social amenities. The way the president responds to such issues matters a great dea l and it influence the way people vote in the wrong run. This is in the context of belief that media is prone to strong political bias, and that seem true to some extent, and has a significant effect on shaping the views of the voter. The area the newspapers take a firm a stand on, is that to do with editorials. This area largely dictates how people view publications. It is argued that media outlets take up distinctive stand that remain consistent for a period of time. Whether that is true or not, it is

Where Are You Going? :: Literary Analysis, Joyce Carol Oates

Joyce Carol Oates’s â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† tells the tale of a fifteen year old girl named Connie living in the early 1960’s who is stalked and ultimately abducted by a man who calls himself Arnold Friend. The short story is based on a true event, but has been analyzed by many literary scholars and allegedly possesses numerous underlying themes. Two of the most popular interpretations of the story are that the entire scenario is only dreamt by Connie (Rubin, 58) and that the abductor is really the devil in disguise (Easterly, 537). But the truth is that sometimes people really can just be in the wrong place at the wrong time. Connie, a victim of terrifying circumstance will be forever changed by her interactions with Friend. Oates drew the character of Connie very well - she possesses many of the qualities that teenaged children share. According to developmental psychologists, adolescents become highly critical of siblings, and peer relationships take precedence over familial ties during these years (Feldman, 455). These traits are apparent in Connie’s unflattering description of her older sister June, â€Å"†¦she was so plain and chunky†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (209) and the fact that Connie spends many nights out with friends, but refuses to attend an afternoon picnic with her family (211). In addition, a teenager’s feelings of self worth are dependent upon the approval of others. Connie displays this as she practices â€Å"†¦checking other people’s faces to make sure her own was all right† (208). And of course there is also the explosion of hormones and corresponding sexual urges and fantasies. Oates makes all of these characteristics clear in her descriptions of Connie’s actions, thoughts and feelings. Rubin attempts to convey the idea that Connie falls asleep in the sun and has a daydream in which her â€Å"†¦intense desire for total sexual experience runs headlong into her innate fear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (58); and aspects of the story do seem dream like - for instance the way in which the boys in Connie’s daydreams â€Å"†¦dissolved into a single face†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (210), but the supposition that the entire episode is a dream does not ring true. There are many instances in which Connie perceives the frightening truth quite clearly; she is able to identify the many separate elements of Friend’s persona - â€Å"†¦ that slippery friendly smile of his†¦ [and] the singsong way he talked†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (214). But because of the lack of attachment with her own family, and her limited experience in relating deeply to others, â€Å"†¦all of these things did not come together† (214) and Connie is unable to recognize the real danger that Arnold Frie nd poses until it is too late.

Literary Analysis of Tell-Tale Heart

A Doll's House was a controversial play in its time because of Ibsen's bold questioning of society's basic rules and norms. One of the most pressing questions in the play is that of the unequal treatment of women. Ibsen questions Is it right to treat women as inferiors? ‘ Through the relationship between Nora and Helmer, Ibsen presents unequal power sharing in a negative light, trying to provoke the audience into questioning what was accepted as the norm in that period. One of the subtler techniques used is Helmer's language and diction.He uses animal terms to refer to her, such as skylark' and squirrel'. This suggests that Helmer does not love Nora as an equal, and treats her like a pet'. Worse, he calls her his possession', as if she were a thing, not an individual with her own separate identity. This use of patronizing, demeaning terms highlights the social norm of treating women as inferior, and provokes the audience to question the validity of that norm. Moreover, for the larger part of the play, Helmer is portrayed as having the most power in the relationship.He controls all the money, and gives it to Nora as gifts. Nora's statement that she has lived by performing tricks' and by being pretty and charming, makes the audience aware of the demeaning, unethical aspects of inequality, and again questions the validity of this social norm, which, unfortunately, has not been completely eroded even in modern society. Nevertheless, the question of inequality between the sexes is only part of the major question Ibsen poses: Is it right to force people into social roles without giving them the freedom to explore who they are and what they want to be? Ibsen presents this question by first characterizing Nora and Helmer as faithful conformists to social roles and then dramatizing the negative effects of those roles in an effort to provoke audiences of that period to think about their deeply ingrained beliefs. Nora seems to fulfill the role of a dutiful wife and mother. She does not work but stays at home and takes care of her children. Ibsen then reveals that, firstly, she is not really fulfilled, or self-actualized, through this role.The role of wife and mother does not bring out all her potential. He shows this through Nora's fond reminiscence about doing a bit of copying' to pay off her debts: It was almost like being a man'. She finds the experience fun' and gratifying, and does it for a good cause. However, she has to work in secret as her role does not permither to work. The audience is shown the negative effects of confining men and women to stereotypical roles. Ibsen in questioning, through Nora, whether it is right to constrain men and women to certain roles in society.Moreover, Ibsen reveals that forcing individuals into roles because of gender might be an exercise in futility as not everyone is suitable for their roles. Nora, for instance, in not a very good mother. The maids spend more time than her with the children (though it is possible that this is also a social convention), and she plays with them like dolls'. Helmer, too, is a victim of society's expectations. He tells Nora that he loves her so much he wishes that she were in danger so that he could risk everything' for her sake.He sees himself as bold and strong, doubtless part of his identity he has received from social conditioning. However, when Nora is really in danger from Krogstad's blackmailing, Helmer's reaction shows the audience that he is a coward and cares only for himself when there is danger. He is unable to fulfill the role expected of him. This not only shatters the perfect model husband stereotype, but also leads the audience to question whether it is right to force such unjust expectations onto individuals without giving them freedom to grow by themselves.Finally, this leads us to the most important question Ibsen presents: Should individuals not be free to create their own identity, uninfluenced by society? ‘ We have seen t he negative effects of Nora being forced into the role of wife and mother. She feels suppressed as can be seen through her comments that she would simply love to say Damn' in front of Helmer (in that period, the word damn' was seen as extremely rude and vulgar). She enjoys working, but cannot because her role does not allow her to.The question presented here is that would it not be better if society did not determine roles based on gender and let individuals decide by themselves what they want to be? Ibsen reveals a common failing of society through Nora's reminiscences of childhood: her father formed his opinions, and Nora just accepted them, never voicing her own. And when she married Helmer, she merely acquired his tastes'. She has had no chance of gaining of more experience of the world and to learn more about herself. All those years, she has been what her father and husband, symbols of society, want her to be.The aforementioned question is presented beautifully in that last co nflict between Helmer and Nora. Helmer says that Nora's sacred duty' is to her husband and children. Nora replies that first and foremost [she is] an individual', and leaves her doll's house' to gain experience and knowledge, and to find out more about herself. The play does not tell us her eventual fate. Such as ending merely presents the audience with questions regarding the validity of deeply ingrained social norms, roles and values, and whether it would be better if individuals, like Nora, used their freedom to find their own way in life.These questions were highly relevant in the period in which A Doll's House was written, and are still significant now. Even in modern society, men and women are still expected to take on certain roles and identities and are persecuted for going against cultural and social norms. And because these questions are presented through the lives of ordinary men and women like us, whom we can identify with and whose situations are not so dissimilar to ou r own, those questions become even more significant to us and the problems we face in our daily lives.

Overfishing Is A Serious Problem - 1260 Words

Overfishing is a serious problem that often gets overlooked. In the article by Udy Bell, called â€Å"Overfishing: A Threat to Marine Biology,† Bell talks about how only 1 percent of the world’s oceans are marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs not only help protect oceans by allowing habitats to recover from damage caused by overfishing but also allow fish to safely reproduce. Due to fishing fish faster then they can reproduce, many species of fish are going endangered or already endangered of being extinct. Species like whales, dungongs, sea cows, codfish, jewfish, sharks, and other marine vertebrates are examples of fish that are being overfished. Overfishing was addressed at the World Summit in Johannesburg, Africa in 2002 (Bell 17). At the World Summit, many experts in the field of overfishing agreed that the most effective way to battle overfishing is by creating and establishing more MPAs around the world. Although overfishing is a serious problem, there are ways to solve the problem like creating Marine Protected Areas. Gutierrez 2 Humans are the ones responsible for the damage caused to our oceans by overfishing. MPAs are essential to preserve and protect the biological diversity of the oceans (Kechington, Ward, Hegerl 7). In â€Å"The Benefits of Marine Protected Areas,† by Richard Kenchington, Trevor Ward, and Eddie Hegerl, talk about why MPAs are crucial to the prevention of overfishing. In a Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) study, over 70% of fishShow MoreRelatedMajed Almehmadi1462 Words   |  6 PagesOverfishing Overfishing refers to the act of overexploiting fish such that they reduce to unacceptable limits. The problem occurs if humans harvest large fish quantities than they can be replaced via natural reproduction in a given water body. Although catching large amounts of fish appear profitable, it has dire social and economic consequences. Overfishing interrupts balance of the marine ecosystem. Similarly, majority of the coastal population depends on fishing as their source of livelihoodRead MoreFishing for Trouble Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"curtain of death† (Kielburger). Overfishing is the fishing of a species at levels too high for the species to reproduce. This can greatly reduce fish population and drive species toward extinction. Fishing has provided the world with food and jobs that have remodeled Earth’s cultures and lifestyles. Fishing is practiced by local fishermen, commercial fishing rigs, and fishing hobbyists. However, when industrialization swept th e world, fishing became an evident problem. Various nations all across theRead MoreThe Issue of Overfishing995 Words   |  4 Pagesis progressing rapidly on various fronts. Nevertheless at the same time, the problem of overfishing is becoming increasingly worrisome and attract extensive attention of the society. In this essay, I will address overfishing and propose some possible causes of this phenomenon which can give contribution to some solutions. Introduction This issue of overfishing covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, economy, society and nature.Read MoreOne Solution to Global Overfishing Analysis1642 Words   |  7 Pagesto some, delicious. In a nutritional aspect, fish is a top priority in a diet because of the protein that it has. Many people fish for food, or just for leisure. Overfishing mainly started in the 19th century, when humans started looking for blubber for oil lamps, which they used for light during the night. When humans started overfishing for the whale blubber it severely reduced and damaged the whole population of the sea life. In the fish population, many fish such as the Atlantic cod and herringRead MoreImpact of Overfishing887 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impact of Overfishing Overfishing has become an enormous problem all over the world. The impact of the increasing demand for fish and the advanced techniques made in the area of commercial fishing has caused some species of fish to be virtually extinct. In fact, some species like the giant bluefin tuna widely used by Japanese chefs and served in many restaurants, are now just few years away from extinction. Human demand for fish has increased enormously over the last several years, particularlyRead MoreOverfishing Is A Problem For A Long Time1713 Words   |  7 Pageshas been a worldwide problem for a long time. Overfishing is not only a problem for Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) but with many other marine animals. The economic effect overfishing has on the cost of fishing and how it affects people is important. Overfishing has a huge economic effect on fishermen and the cost of fishing. Even though many people believe that overfishing is not that big of a problem, it seems to be an ongoing problem in the world. Overfishing is a major problem today and seems toRead MoreEffects Of Overfishing1133 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The main causes of overfishing are poor fishery management with a lack of regulation, unrestricted access to the ocean and illegal fishing. During the last few decades the demand for edible seafood globally has skyrocketed and the high demand is causing us to overfish to keep up with the demand. Unfortunately, fisherman are catching more fish than can be naturally reproduced. There are only limited regulations in place, which means that fishing companies are basically fishing when andRead MoreOverfishing: Fish Stocks1294 Words   |  6 PagesOverfishing Most of the problems associated with overfishing have been caused in the last 50 years by the rapid advances in fishing technology. There used to be hundreds of trawlers and fishing boats based at ports like Peterhead, Grimsby and Great Yarmouth, but these have now been replaced by huge factory ships which are able to stay out at sea for weeks at a time. These factory boats have all the equipment necessary either to freeze or tin fish caught by their hunting ships, so that they needRead MoreThe Great Barrier Reef Is Important1142 Words   |  5 Pageswould be an overpopulation of many of the Tiger sharks prey, which would ensue in the depletion of many species lower in the food chain that the overpopulated prey species feed on. The overall ecosystem would suffer greatly; at that place would be a serious lack of symmetry due to overpopulation and depletion of certain species, which would be fatal to the total ecosystem. 3.0 Case study: choose one organism from your food web/chain and discuss the following: Loggerhead turtle. 3.1 The LoggerheadRead MoreA Brief Note On The Marine Environment And Its Effect On Food Security And The Quality Of Life1381 Words   |  6 Pagesalone (Garfield, Gould, Insider, 2016). The more developed countries, like the United States, generate ten times as much waste as underdeveloped countries like Saharan Africa. Land degradation, declining soil fertility, unsustainable water use, overfishing and marine environment degradation are all lessening the earth’s ability to supply food (Nino Intern, 2016). Because of its adverse impact on agronomic productivity, the environment, and its effect on food security and the quality of life, land