How Important Are Ethics and Social Responsibility Free Essays

string(51) and singular attributes of sexual orientation and age. The examination register for this diary is accessible at http://www. mcbup. com/research_registers The flow issue and full content document of this diary is accessible at http://www. We will compose a custom exposition test on How Important Are Ethics and Social Responsibility? or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now emerald-library. com/ft How significant are morals and social obligation? A worldwide investigation of advertising experts Anusorn Singhapakdi and Kiran Karande College of Business and Public Administration, Old Dominion University, Virginia, USA How significant are morals? 133 Gotten September 1998 Revised March 1999 June 1999 September 1999 College of Administrative Sciences, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait, and School of Business Administration, University of Mississippi, USA Keywords International advertising, Ethics, Social duty, National societies, Consumer conduct Abstract States that in the current time of worldwide promoting, as more organizations enter global markets, moral issues are probably going to increment. As organizations and their directors manage their partners in various nations, there is a need to comprehend the latter’s moral dynamic procedures. Dissimilarity in moral conduct and mentalities of advertising experts across societies can be clarified by, among different factors, contrasts in recognitions with respect to the significance of morals and social obligation in accomplishing authoritative viability. This examination researches the variety in those observations among advertising experts from Australia, Malaysia, South Africa, and the USA. The variety is clarified by nation contrasts (social contrasts, contrasts in the monetary condition, and contrasts in legitimate/world of politics), hierarchical moral atmosphere, and chose segment qualities of the advertiser (sex and age). C. P. Rao Scott J. Vitell Introduction The investigation of morals has gotten progressively significant with worldwide business extension, due to an expansion in moral and social duty  ± worries that organizations face in various nation conditions. There exists, in any case, a wide difference in the degree of significance connected to these two issues in various nations (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 1998). Additionally, huge contrasts exist from nation to nation in the financial turn of events, social principles, legitimate/political frameworks, and assumptions about business lead (Wotruba, 1997). Moreover, there is extraordinary uniqueness in the authorization of approaches (Mittelstaedt and Mittelstaedt, 1997). The creators might want to express gratitude toward Mohd. Rashid Ahmed, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Malaysia; Nicola Higgs-Kleyn, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; and Muris Cicic, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia for their help with the information assortment for this examination. The creators might likewise want to express gratitude toward Janet Marta for her remarks on the prior variants of the original copy. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 35 No. 1/2, 2001, pp. 133-152. # MCB University Press, 0309-0566 European Journal of Marketing 35,1/2 134 In the business morals writing, moral varieties among advertisers/supervisors from various countries are recorded in numerous exact examinations on different kinds of moral issues (e. g. Armstrong et al. , 1990; Graham, 1985; Becker and Fritzsche, 1987). Variety in morals across societies was confirm in a cross-national investigation of modern sales reps by Dubinsky et al. (1991) where some huge contrasts in moral observations were found among showcasing chiefs from Japan, Korea, and the USA. An investigation by Singhapakdi et al. 1994) additionally uncovered that American and Thai advertisers contrast on different segments of their moral dynamic procedure. Notwithstanding, universal specialists have not researched contrasts in the degree to which advertisers from various nations accept that morals and social duty are significant for hierarchical adequacy. An individual’s recognition about whether morals and social duty add to authoritative viability is probably going to be a basic precursor of whether he/she even sees a moral issue in a given circumstance (Singhapakdi et al. 1995). This is a down to business see dependent on a contention that directors should initially see morals and social duty to be fundamental to hierarchical viability before their practices will turn out to be increasingly moral and reflect more noteworthy social obligation. This view is reliable with Hunt and Vitell’s (1986) portrayal of moral judgment as including a teleological assessment, when an individual assesses elective activities by gauging the apparent likelihood and allure of results. Basically, a manager’s decision of conduct in a circumstance that has hazardous moral substance will be founded on his/her impression of the probability that the activities will achieve an ideal result. This view is likewise reliable with Jones’ (1991) issue-unforeseen model where it is hypothesized that the â€Å"probability of effect† which is characterized as â€Å"the likelihood that the demonstration being referred to will really occur and the demonstration being referred to will really cause the mischief (benefit)† (Jones, 1991, p. 75) will influence an individual’s moral dynamic. Naturally, morals and social obligation should positively affect the achievement of an association, since buyers make moral decisions that are probably going to impact their buys. As Laczniak and Murphy (1993, p. 5) put it: Consumers after some time will regularly perceive the associations that endeavor to be receptive to different moral and social factors in the com mercial center. As needs be, it is essential for advertisers to join moral and social contemplations in their work. In this manner, the point of this examination is to research whether advertisers from Australia, Malaysia, South Africa, and the USA vary in the degree to which they accept that moral and socially capable practices are significant comparable to different parts of hierarchical adequacy, for example, quality, correspondence, benefits, intensity, endurance, proficiency, and partner fulfillment. In light of past writing that underlines social elements, corporate culture, and individual attributes (e. g. Chase and Vitell, 1986; Ferrell and Gresham, 1985), the multifaceted variety in marketers’ saw significance of morals and social duty in accomplishing authoritative adequacy is clarified by nation contrasts (remembering social contrasts and contrasts for the financial condition), hierarchical moral atmosphere, and chose segment qualities of individual advertisers. The four nations included were made a decision about fitting since they are geologically isolated and display contrasts as far as Hofstede’s (1980) five social measurements and the degree of financial turn of events, which are utilized to help the theory about nation contrasts. Hypothetical establishment and speculations In this segment it is suggested that the varieties in the apparent significance of morals and social obligation as determinants of authoritative viability is clarified by nation contrasts (remembering social contrasts and contrasts for the monetary condition), hierarchical moral atmosphere, and individual attributes of sex and age. You read How Important Are Ethics and Social Responsibility? in classification Papers Figure 1 sums up the proposed system. Nation contrasts Cultural contrasts. Hofstede (1980) and Hofstede and Bond (1988) proposed a typology for grouping societies dependent on five measurements: (1) independence; (2) vulnerability evasion; How significant are morals? 135 Figure 1. Hypothetical structure European Journal of Marketing 35,1/2 136 (3) power separation; (4) manliness; and (5) Confucian dynamism. It is guessed that these social measurements add to contrasts in the apparent significance of morals and social obligation. For instance, advertisers in collectivistic nations, (for example, Malaysia) would be relied upon to be increasingly faithful to their associations due to more prominent reliance (Hofstede, 1983), and in this manner, worried for their organization’s prosperity when settling on choices that improve hierarchical adequacy. Therefore, collectivistic societies would append more significance to accomplishing better authoritative execution than morals and socially duty. Manly social orders urge people to be driven and serious, and to take a stab at material achievement (Hofstede, 1980), which may entice advertisers from nations positioning high on manliness to accomplish more prominent effectiveness, no matter what. Hence, they would connect less significance to morals and social obligation than to productivity, seriousness, and long haul endurance. People from societies with high force separation, (for example, Malaysia) generally acknowledge the imbalance of intensity, see contrasts among bosses and subordinates, are hesitant to differ with bosses and accept that bosses are qualified for benefits (Hofstede, 1983). Subsequently, advertisers from high force separation nations are probably going to see a need to limit conflict with bosses and fulfill bosses through improved execution. As it were, authoritative execution is probably going to be moderately increasingly imperative to them comparative with the degree to which a choice is moral and socially mindful. The hazard taking direction of advertisers from low vulnerability staying away from nations would persuade that it may merit facing the challenge of unscrupulous activities so as to improve proficiency and intensity. Along these lines, advertisers from low vulnerability shirking nations are likely t

Observing a four-month-old baby Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Watching a four-month-old child - Assignment Example At four months, babies can communicate for themselves, making themselves a functioning piece of their social condition. Perception The focal point of the perception was a male child named Sean Darren from Pennsylvania. This child kid is growing quick under the consideration of his mom. He was brought into the world with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase lack (G6PD), in this manner he was prescribed to keep away from specific nourishments like beans and soya. A few medications or drugs may likewise be hurtful for him, in this way he ought not be offered any medication without the doctor’s guidance. At his age, Sean is starting to show clever stunts that make him look lovelier. He can perceive recognizable appearances of individuals around him; consequently he calls the consideration of his mom in the event that he sees her around when he stirs. Also, he wouldn't like to go with outsiders and appears to pick individuals he goes with. He perceives his own platter and shocks when he sees his mom holding it. He additionally takes his milk to his mouth and holds the jug with the help of a pad or cushion. Sean cries when he is eager and wet. He feels awkward to wear wet diapers so his mom makes it a point to change his diapers each 3-4 hours or prior when required. At the hour of the perception, he was playing with his mom who was holding a clatter. Sean concentrates on the little toy, and gets the toy from his mom and drops it on the couch. His grasp at this stage isn't yet solid. He does this more than once, while his mom continues picking the toy and offering it to Sean. Now and again, Sean would hold the toy to his mouth and endeavor to chomp it however neglects to do so in light of the fact that he was unable to put the handle of the toy precisely into his mouth. At the point when he got worn out, he went to his mother’s ring and attempted to take it yet fizzled in light of the fact that the ring is in her mother’s finger. Sooner or later, hi s consideration was directed to his feet, and he held his feet for over three minutes while he chuckled at his mom whom he thought was conversing with him. Sean grins a ton when he is playing with beautiful things. He has some beautiful toys hanging over his bunk. He attempts to get hold of them by lifting his hand while lying on his resting pad. When conveyed by his mom, the young man would get anything, particularly bright things he sees around him. In the event that he is effective in taking what he needs, he would as a rule take it to his mouth and bite. He slobbers while he plays with the item in his mouth. Age Based on his conduct and activities, Sean resembles a four-month old child. Four-month-old infants are ideal to hold since they would already be able to respond to upgrades in their condition. From taking a gander at things and gazing at them, four-year-olds can get them and investigate utilizing their hands and mouth. Much the same as other four-year-old children, Sean would take something and carry it to his mouth. At his age, he can move on his side and rest on his chest and slither at short separations. With help from his mom, Sean can put his weight on his feet yet can't remain all alone or even with help. In addition, four-month-old infants can associate with individuals around them. They grin and snicker at individuals who are grinning at them. As per the Cooperative Extension Website, when tickled, these infants could giggle noisy and prattle. Furthermore, four-month olds incline toward sitting with help than lying on their backs. They can move from side to side, lift their head forward, get things around them, and put things inside

Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) for Panic and Anxiety

Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) for Panic and Anxiety Panic Disorder Treatment Print How the Emotional Freedom Technique Treats Anxiety Alternative Treatment for Panic and Anxiety By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 06, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 01, 2019 Peter Dazeley / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions The Emotional Freedom Technique, or simply EFT, is an experimental method that has grown in popularity. If you have been contemplating the use of EFT for the treatment of panic disorder, it is important to be aware that the effectiveness of this alternative method has not been established and has often been considered pseudoscience by the clinical psychology community. The following describes an overview of EFT and considerations about this alternative method. How It Works The Emotional Freedom Technique, or simply EFT, is a method that was developed by Gary Craig with the desire to help clients let go of negative thoughts, memories, and emotions. This technique involves stimulating specific pressure points on the body while recalling painful memories or upsetting thoughts. Craig derived EFT out of Thought Field Therapy (TFT), a technique created by psychologist Dr. Robert Callahan that incorporated traditional psychotherapy and tapping. When creating EFT, Craig simplified the TFT process so that most people can easily benefit from this method. During the EFT process, a person is either guided by an EFT practitioner or is self-guided to focus on distressing thoughts or emotions while tapping on certain places throughout the body. These specific spots where the person is instructed to tap are considered points of energy, known as meridians, which are similarly stimulated during acupuncture. Instead of using needles as an acupuncturist would, the EFT client is instructed to use ones own on fingers to gently press on these points. By tapping on these areas and bringing one’s awareness to negative emotions, EFT purports that one may be able to let go of some negative emotional energy. Can EFT Help With Panic Disorder? EFT is thought to assist a person in releasing emotions that are holding one back from experiencing more happiness and satisfaction. This technique has grown in popularity as an alternative method to help cope with challenging emotions associated with various mental health disorders, including mood and anxiety disorders. Initial research on EFT has shown that this method can potentially help reduce the feelings of stress and anxiety associated with numerous mental health conditions,  including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), specific phobias, and panic disorder. It should be noted that these initial research studies have been thought to have some significant methodological flaws making their interpretation problematic. Additional studies are needed to determine if EFT can be useful to treat panic and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, this method is not endorsed or approved for training by major professional associations of mental health practitioners, including the American Psychological Association (APA) and the American Counseling Association (ACA). Finding Help for Panic Disorder People diagnosed with panic disorder often struggle with intense feelings of fear, stress, and anxiety. These difficult emotions and other symptoms can negatively impact the panic sufferers quality of life. As a person’s life is interrupted by panic and anxiety, relationships may suffer, a career can be affected, and goals and responsibilities may be put off. If you believe that you are struggling with anxiety or other symptoms of panic disorder, it is important that you seek help from your doctor or qualified mental health specialist. Only your doctor or licensed practitioner can provide you with an accurate diagnosis. She can also assist you in developing a treatment plan that is appropriate for your needs. There are several main treatment options available that can assist panic sufferers in managing symptoms and getting back on track. Some of the most common treatment methods include attending therapy, taking prescribed medication, and practicing self-help techniques. Most panic sufferers will choose a combination of these options as a safe and effective way to cope with panic attacks and other symptoms. Psychotherapy and medications for panic disorder have been scientifically evaluated and proven for safety and effectiveness. Alternative treatment methods, including EFT, should only be used as a complement to these treatment options. If you are considering EFT, be certain to discuss this option with your doctor. He will be able to help you determine if this alternative method would be an appropriate addition to your treatment plan. Find Relief With the 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

The Emancipation Proclamation The End Of Slavery

On January 1, 1863, sitting President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, a document decreeing the end of slavery throughout the United States of America. While symbolic at the time (the self-proclaimed and effectively sovereign Confederate States of America had no intention of recognizing a law issued by a political body with which it was currently at war, and whose authority it did not recognize) it was undebatably a momentous and powerful decision that would forever change the fabric of the American social and political paradigm. Insofar as it symbolically freed the African-American population from slavery, the document did little to improve the plight of the more than four million members of said population formerly held in bondage in the Southern United States in the times following the war. In fact, the end of legal slavery in these areas only led to continued and unofficial de facto bondage, sanctioned and enforced by local governments. In this way, it can be inferred that the plight of the African Americans in the South continued to in one form or another be more or less the same in the half-century following emancipation. The distinction between †freedom† and â€Å"slavery†, while seeming to be stark, is only in fact academic. Many conditions endured by those who, in history, have been considered â€Å"free† are arguably similar to those suffered by their enslaved counterparts. For example, who is to say that the plight of a Pakistani immigrant worker inShow MoreRelatedLincoln s Emancipation Proclamation : The End Of Slavery935 Words   |  4 PagesFrom Guezlo’s introduction of â€Å"Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation: The end of Slavery in America†, he acknowledged that this is one of the representative of President Lincoln’s writings in the history demonstrating his dedication to free â€Å"four million black slaves†. At the end of Guezlo’s introduction, he proposed the idea of how Lincoln would be a white friend to African American due to the power, the position he had that can help him to start deliverance. The author stated, â€Å"It would be specialRead MoreLincoln s Emancipation Proclamation : The End Of Slavery1301 Words   |  6 PagesLincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America, a Lincoln Prize winner, was written by Allen C. Guelzo and published in 2004. In the book, he makes a case that President Abraham Lincoln, through the utilization of the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863, was efficacious in liberating the slaves. His argument varies from others that have visually examined the argument pertaining to the Emancipation Proclamation and whether it did, or did not, efficaciously emancipate slaves duringRead MoreEmancipation Proclamation : The Failures And Successes1492 Words   |  6 PagesEmancipation Proclamation: the failures and successes â€Å"The beginning of the Civil War marked the beginning of the end of slavery in the American South† (Berlin, 3). The Civil War started from opposing states’ opinions; the South thrived on slavery’s economic impact while the North opposed the institution. The issue of slavery divided the nation, and the contrasting views of the anti-abolitionists and abolitionists caused the war to occur. Slavery’s impact in the United States started in the 1600’sRead MoreLincolns Emancipation of the Slaves Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pages The Emancipation Proclamation speech was actually intended for most of the people that would free the slaves, not to the slaves. According to Carl Rollyson the Proclamation was not intended for the slave, blacks, or former slaves. The â€Å"Emancipation Proclamation† speech was during the Antislavery Movement or what some people call the Abolitionist Movement, during the 1860s. The main leaders of the abolitionist moveme nt were Abraham Lincoln and Fredrick Douglas. The point of Lincoln writing theRead MoreAnalysis of the Emancipation Proclamation Speech1339 Words   |  6 Pages The Emancipation Proclamation speech was actually intended for most of the people that would free the slaves, not to the slaves. According to Rollyson the proclamation was not intended for the slave, blacks, or former slaves. The â€Å"Emancipation Proclamation† speech was during the Antislavery Movement or what some people call it the Abolitionist Movement, during the 1960s. The main leaders of the abolitionist movement were Abraham Lincoln and Fredrick Douglas. The point of Lincoln writing the speechRead MoreLincoln And The Emancipation Slavery990 Words   |  4 Pages Lincoln and the Emancipation Slavery caused many violent events in the 17 and 1800’s. The South and the North could not agree with slavery; the North was anti-slavery and the South were pro-slavery. The south considered slaves to be their own personal property and the slaves were not allowed to be counted as a citizen of the United States; they were only considered to be counted as 3/5 of a person. Because slave owners were so harsh to their slaves, the slaves generated many slave rebellionsRead MoreThe Emancipation Proclamation By Mr. Harding1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe Emancipation Proclamation has two points of views from highly qualified professors if the Emancipation was to free the slaves or not. The first Professor is Mr. Allen C. Guelzo and the other professor is Vincent Harding. Mr. Allen proposed that Abraham used the Emancipation Proclamation to free the slaves. However, Mr. Harding used his research and insisted that no the Emancipation Proclamation was not to free the slaves. On the other hand, Mr. Allen makes some well-revised statements, but MrRead MoreSignificance And Impact Of The Emancipation Proclamation1658 Words   |  7 PagesSignificance and Impact of the Emancipation Proclamation Abraham Lincoln once said, A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half-free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved - I do not expect the house to fall - but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other. (Lincoln s House-Divided Speech in Springfield, Illinois, June 16, 1858). The critical issue of slavery throughout the 19th centuryRead MoreTaking a Look at The Emancipation Proclamation858 Words   |  3 PagesThe Emancipation Proclamation The abolishment of slavery is one that Abraham Lincoln is all to familiar with. From the time the man first walked into office he was hounded by people wanting to end the ‘people of service and labor.’ That description is one Lincoln wrote about in his Emancipation Proclamation, instead of saying, ‘blacks’ or ‘slaves’. When Lincoln took office, his main goal was to reunite the Union. He wanted to make sure that no matter what he did, that no part would secede fromRead MoreThe Legacy Of The American Civil War1030 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Union rather than the abolition of slavery. As an individual, Lincoln hated slavery, he knew that neither Northerners nor the residents of the border slave states would support abolition as a war aim. As a Republican, he wished to eliminate it from the territories as the first step to putting the institution â€Å"in the course of ultimate extinction.† But as president of the United States, Lincoln wa s destined by the Constitution that protected slavery in any state where citizens wanted it. In

A Study on Operant and Classical Conditioning - 1477 Words

Operant and Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning best explains reflective responding that is largely controlled by stimuli preceding the response, while operant conditioning is the kind of learning influenced by stimulus events that follow the responses. (Weiten). In operant conditioning, reinforcement is defined as after the fact. Reinforcement follows a response and increases tendency to make the response. In classical conditioning, the reinforcement comes before the response is made and increases tendency to make the response. A middle school teacher intercepted a note that contained personal information, read it out loud, and the student the note was intended for leaves the class and school, feels sick at going to school the next day, and becomes ill at the thought of the teacher. This is a classical conditioning case. (Daniels, 2009). If the students behavior had happened before the teacher intercepted the note and read it out loud, it would have been a case of operant conditioning. In classical conditioning, the students reaction to the teacher, classroom, and the school is a conditioned response and creates a physiological reaction. In operant conditioning, the teachers reaction to the students behavior, if reversed, would have been conditioned and creates a physiological reaction. Operant responding is controlled by consequences as response-outcomes (R-O) are learned. In operant conditioning the students response can be considered a consequenceShow MoreRelatedClassical Operant Conditioning Case Study1686 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationships, cultural influences and biological factors (Rohsenow, 2016). Each of the case studies that are talked about the CBT approach and how it applies to a substance related disorder. This paper talks about classical, operant conditioning, social learning as it applies to a substance disorder. As well as the CBT approach and how it applies to someone who has a substance disorder. Classical conditioning- is a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; Pavlov determinedRead MoreClassical and Operant Conditioning Case Study1357 Words   |  6 Pagesthat occur close in time. When an organism learns to make associations, it is being conditioned. There are two types of conditioning. Operant conditioning is when an organism associates an action and the consequence of that action. It results in the organism adapting its behavior to maximize rewards and minimize punishment (Skinner). On the other hand, classical conditioning is a type of learning where an organism associates a certain stimulus and the response to it with a different stimulus.Read MorePhobias1174 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped through operant conditioning and how addictions can be developed through operant conditioning. This essay also examines the distinctions between classical and operant condition and examines â€Å"extinction† as it relates to psychological theory and how extinction is achieved in classical and operant conditioning. Phobias and Addictions Numerous psychologists believe that behaviors are learned through conditioning. These conditionings are known as operant, which is based onRead MorePavlov s Classical Conditioning Vs. Operant Conditioning1172 Words   |  5 PagesPavlov’s Classical Conditioning vs. B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Bhavika D. Patel Atlantic Community College Abstract Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner both studied learning, in which they both did different experiments on different animals and with different conditioning. Classical conditioning is the process in which two stimuli become linked; once this association has been recognized, an originally neutral stimulus is conditioned to provoke an involuntary response. The dogs in Pavlov’s studiesRead MoreWatsons Classical Conditioning Research Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Watson’s Classical Conditioning? Classical Conditioning was found by Dr. Ivan Pavlov. Watson’s research was influenced by Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Theory. Watson made a research on children’s emotions using the Classical Conditioning model. According to Watson, love, fear, and anger are the three kinds of emotions inherited by humans (Hall 1988). He believed these emotions could be learned through conditioning. He formed his hypothesis and carried out an experiment. John BRead MoreThe Process of Conditioning963 Words   |  4 PagesFlorida Sahay Professor Griffin Psychology 1101 Fall 2009 The Conditioning Process It was raining when Sarah was driving home from work. Both she and the driver of the car in front of her were speeding. The car in front of her had immediately braked. There was not enough distance between that car and her own car to safely slow to a stop, so she had quickly switched lanes to avoid a car accident. Instead, the slick pavement caused her car to swerve out of control. When her car finallyRead MorePavlov s Classical Conditioning And Skinner s Operant Conditioning1243 Words   |  5 PagesTaSheena Moore 2/4/2016 PSY 110 Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning and Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. There are two types of learning, associative learning and cognitive learning. Associative learning occurs when a person or an animal forms a simple association among various stimuli, behaviors, or both. It requires little to no awareness or thought. Cognitive learning refers to understanding, knowing, and anticipating. Our subjectRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1492 Words   |  6 Pages To expand upon the concepts of the two forms of conditioning listed above, three additional principals not previously listed for the sake of convenience are present in both forms of conditioning; these three principals-extinction, spontaneous recovery, and stimulus discrimination-are among the number of basic principals of conditioning that are found in most forms of conditioning. To explain, Extinction refers to the process by which the steady weakening or diminishment of a conditioned responseRead MoreEssay Operant Conditioning1743 Words   |  7 PagesPavlov Classical conditioning is a method used in behavioral studies. It is known as classical because it is the first study of laws of learning/conditioning, It is a learned reaction that you do when evoked by a stimulus. Ivan Pavlov was the scientist who discovered classical conditioning. Ivan Pavlov was born in Russia. He lived from 1849 - 1936 . Pavlov’s field of study was physiology and natural science. One of Pavlov’s discoveries was the conditioning of dogs. While workingRead MoreClassical And Operant Conditioning And The Field Of Psychology997 Words   |  4 PagesHow have studies of classical and operant conditioning contributed to the field of psychology? In this essay I will outline the main principles of both operant and classical conditioning methods and discuss what both theories have contributed to the field of psychology and what they have taught us about the way in which some human behaviour occurs. Classical conditioning, also known as Pavlovian conditioning (Davis, S. F., Buskist, W. (2008). 21st century psychology: a reference handbook Page

Two Professional Athletes of Nfl Football Free Essays

Two Professional Athletes Emmitt Smith and Jerry Rice both played College and NFL football, but for different Teams and they played different positions. They were the greatest football players in there Time when they were playing. Emmitt Smith also played football in high school and shined on the field there as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Professional Athletes of Nfl Football or any similar topic only for you Order Now He played football for Escambia High School in Pensacola, Florida. Escambia won the state Football championship, and Emmitt rushed for 106 touchdowns and 8,804 yards, which was the Second most yardage in the history of American high school football at the time. Emmitt rushed For over 100 yards in 45 of the 49 games he started for Escambia (including the last 28 in a row) Where he finished with a 7. 8 yards per carry average. Twice, he broke the 2,000 yard rushing mark in a Season. Emmitt was named the USA Today and Parade magazine high school player of the year For 1986. In 2007 twenty years after Emmitt had graduated from high school, the Florida High School Athletic Association named Emmitt to its â€Å"All-Century Team,† recognizing him as one of the 33 greatest Florida high school football players of the last 100 years. As part of its â€Å"100 Years of Florida High School Football† awards ceremony, Florida High School Athletic Association Named Emmitt as its â€Å"Player of the Century. † Emmitt Smith played College football for the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida Where he played for the Florida Gators from 1987 to 1989. He was picked by the Dallas Cowboys In the NFL Draft in 1990 round 1 pick 17. He retired from playing football in 2004. His position on The field when he played was running back. He played with Dallas Cowboys from (1990 to 2002), Then he went to play for the Arizona Cardinals from (2003 to 2004). He played NFL football for Fifteen seasons. Was considered the greatest running back in the NFL. With other team members Led his team to three Super Bowl Championships during the 1990s. While he played college football he shined on the field there as well. In his first full game, Emmitt promptly broke Florida’s 40-year- old all time single game rushing record, carrying 39 times For 224 yards and 2 touchdowns as the Gators upset the Crimson Tide. Emmitt went on to break The 1,000-yard barrier in the seventh game of his freshman season, the fastest any running back had Ever broken the barrier to begin his college career. He finished the 1987 season with 1,341 yards and Was named Southeastern Conference and National Freshman of the Year. He also finished 9th in that Year’s Heisman voting. In 1989 he finished his junior season with Florida records for rushing yards in A season with (1,599), rushing yards in a single game (316 versus New Mexico in 1989) longest rushing Play (96 yards against Mississippi State in 1988), career rushing yards (3,928), and career rushing Touchdowns of (36) among many others. In all Emmitt owned 58 school records at the conclusion of His Florida career. At the conclusion of his junior season in 1989 Emmitt was named a first-team SEC Selection for the third year and SEC Player of the Year, was a unanimous first-team All-American, and Finished seventh in the Heisman Trophy balloting. His senior year Emmitt decided to forego his senior Year at Florida and entered the NFL draft. Emmitt was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a â€Å"Gator Great† in 1999, the Gator Football Ring of Honor in 2006. Was inducted in the Pro-Football Hall of Fame in (2010). He holds many NFL records for rushing. NFL record for career rushing yards (18,355), NFL record for career rushing touchdowns (164), NFL Record for career 100- yard rushing games (78). He attempted (4,409), had receiving yards of (3,224), Touchdown receptions of (11), he had (515) receptions in his career. He played in 8 pro bowls from (1990 to 1999), 6 all pro games (1991 to 1995), 4 times NFL rushing leader (1991 to 1995), 3 time Super Bowl Champion (XXVII, XXVIII, XXX ), NFL 1990s all-decade team, ap NFL MVP (1993), NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year (1990), Super Bowl MVP (XXVIII), NEA NFL MVP (1991, 1992), PFWA NFL MVP (1993), Dallas Cowboys Ring of Honor, Bert Bell Award (1993), Gator Football Ring of Honor University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame, Unanimous first-team All-American (1989). Jerry also played football for the high school football team of Starkville, Mississippi. He Outshined on the high school football field as well. Jerry Rice played college football for Mississippi Valley State University from 1980 to 1984. While on the football field playing college football his statistics from his college years are sparse. The College Football Hall of Fame website claims that Jerry, as a sophomore in 1982, caught (66) Passes for (1,133) yards and (7) touchdowns. That was all achieved in his first season. He also had a Record-setting 1983 campaign including NCAA marks for receptions (102) and receiving yards(1,450) He was named first-team Division I-AA All-America. He also set a single-game NCAA record for Catching 24 passes against Southern University. In 1985 the San Francisco 49er’s drafted Jerry in the 1985 NFL Draft round 1 pick 16. He retired in 2005. His position when he played on the field was wide receiver. He played with the San Francisco 49er’s from (1985 to 2000), he then went and played for the Oakland Raiders from (2001 to 2004), Then he went to play for the Seattle Seahawks for 1 season in (2004), after that season he went To the Denver Broncos and was on the team rooster for the season of (2005). *offseason and he was a practice squad member only. He played NFL football for a career spanning two decades. Was considered the greatest wide Receiver in the NFL. With other team members led his team to 2 super bowls for the San Francisco 49er’s, and then 1 super bowl for the Oakland Raiders. Was inducted in the Pro-Football Hall of Fame in (2010). Received many awards while playing For the NFL. Rated #1 NFL player of all-time by NFL. com, 2 times AP NFL Offensive player of the year (1987, 1993), 3 time NFC Offensive player of the Year (1986, 1987). Played in 13 Pro bowls from (1986 to 2002). 12 times all-pro selection (1986 to 2002), 3 times Super Bowl Champion (XXIII, XXIV, XXIX). Pro Bowl MVP (1996), Super Bowl MVP (XXIII), PFWA MVP (1988), UPI NFC Player of the Year (1988), UPI NFI-NFC Rookie of the Year (1985), Bert Bell Award (1987), NFL 75th Anniversary All-Time Team, NFL 1980s All-Decade Team, NFL 1990s All Decade Team, He also holds many NFL records. He had a total Receptions of (1,549), Receiving yards of (22,895) he has total touchdowns of (208), and has total points Scored of (1,256). As you can see these two football players where the greatest players of all time when they got On the football field to play. They out-shined many other football players on the same team as they Played for. They were exceptional players when they were at there prime. They were both inducted In the Pro-Football Hall of Fame in (2010). They were both inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in (2006). The difference between the two is that one was a running back, and the other was a Wide receiver. How to cite Two Professional Athletes of Nfl Football, Essay examples

Understanding Teen Depression

Introduction A considerable number of teenagers around the globe extensively suffer from depression. Depression can lead to several unpleasant behaviors, especially when left unattended. However, in as much as the teen are extremely vulnerable to depressions, most of them adopt several mechanisms that significantly assist them in containing their situation. Although, the methods employed vary from one individual to another; some may employ constructive measures, while others use unhelpful approaches.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Teen Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Teen depression Understanding teen depression It is noted that teen depression is primarily caused by two common factors i.e. unanswered sorrow and emotional disconnection. Unanswered sorrows are caused by certain life experiences such as the loss of loved ones, desertion, and disturbing events. On the other hand, emotional disconnection is caused by the fear of being unable to correlate with other. Many people misunderstand teen depression, which is due to their several interesting behaviors at this stage. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to understand teenagers, incase one intends to detect and assist the teenagers fight against depressions. Depression is an awful illness to the teens, since it causes extraordinary grief, fury or despair among these youngsters. Furthermore, it is also a lethal disease; many people have perished after suffering severe depression i.e. either by committing suicide or by natural death. Sources indicate that, approximately 20% of the depressed teens never seek help, despite the knowledge that it’s curable (Smith, Barston, 2010). However, it is noted that the majority who seek for treatment, approach persons such as teachers or parents who often assist them get the best treatment. Symptoms of depression on teenagers It is extremely difficult to detect a depres sed teenager. This is because; most depression symptoms are similar to certain normal behaviors of teens. Some of depression symptoms can be summarized as rejection of parents and friends; restlessness; fatigue; lack of concentration and enthusiasms; significant change in sleeping and eating pattern (Smith, Barston, 2010). However, the most regular symptoms considered as follows: extraordinary sensitivity to criticism, rejection of friends and families, fuming moods and unexplained pains. Impacts of depression on teenagers Depression is characterized by several effects; however, most of them impact negatively to the teens. Untreated teens end up: using illegal drugs; having class work problems, eating disorders; portraying immature behaviors and having low self-worth (Gelman, 2000). Furthermore, some of them become violent, practice lots of reckless activities and, in some instances, they even threaten to commit suicide.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How to help depressed teenagers Teenager seek help to persons they trust; therefore, for one to assist them he or she must display certain tolerable and friendly qualities. One needs to be understanding and offer extensive support to the depressed teens. Furthermore, one must listen with kindness, and later emphasize to them, on the importance of seeking treatment. It is also helpful, to notify the teenagers, how they can seek for treatment i.e. by advising them to consult doctors or any other specialist, and maybe explore other treatment options. How teens cope up with depression Teenagers employ different approaches in their attempt to cope up with depression. Some teens employ positive approaches, whereas others use unconstructive measures, which end up messing their promising lives. Constructive approaches significantly assist the teens in learning to manage their depressions; whereas, most unconstructive me asures destroy a teenagers’ lives. Constructive ways used by teens Teens employ several constructive ways of handling depression during their adolescent stage. For instance, a considerable percentage of teens use extra-curriculum activities such as sports and games, to cope with depression. They spend many of their free hours in playing different sports, games and other co-curriculum activities. This extensively assist them cope with depression since most of their free time is spent on sports, instead of idling with a depressed mind. Unconstructive ways used by teens A number of teens employ several unconstructive approaches of coping with depressions during their adolescent stage. For instance, a significant number of teenagers use drugs as a way of escaping their mental problems. They smoke, sniff and drink unhealthy drugs such as marijuana, cocaine and alcohol respectively (Gelman, 2000). Interestingly, most of these teens are often convinced that drug abuse do solve their problems. This is extremely unfortunate to them, since abuse of drugs does not, in any way, solve their problems; instead, it further complicates it, to the extent of being uncontrollable. A considerable number of teenagers engage in reckless behaviors, as a way of expressing their humiliation and depression. They often feel relived after doing or participating in certain irresponsible behaviors such as shop lifting. However, the relief is momentarily thus they keep on repeating the immature behaviors. Some teenagers also keep off their friends and families, when they are depressed (Ayer, 2001). Their primary intension is always not to abandon their friends, but to avoid discussions and conversations that might complicate their situation. However, this is not necessarily a dire approach, since it may work well to some teens.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Teen Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Depression is a common illness among teens, and it is associated with several complications including disagreeable behaviors. It is, therefore, imperative to, unmistakably, understand teenagers, incase one intends to assist them. This is because of the misconceptions surrounding their teenage lives thus one may misinterpret some of them as unusual behaviors. Teens employ several approaches in coping up with depression; some of them being beneficial, while others unconstructive. References Ayer, E. (2001). Everything you need to know about depression. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. Gelman, A. (2000). Coping with depression with other mood disorders. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. Smith, M. Barston, S. (2010). Teen depression. Helpguide. Retrieved from:Â  https://www.helpguide.org/ This essay on Understanding Teen Depression was written and submitted by user TheProfessor to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.